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標(biāo)題: 工程圖學(xué)常用詞匯 [打印本頁]
作者: 五民    時間: 2009-6-4 16:24
標(biāo)題: 工程圖學(xué)常用詞匯
投影 projection
: l' Q; G3 {/ _投影中心center of projection
& r" G) B$ _% }1 r. o- t- J. V+ V0 _投影面projecting plane* k( u/ _6 U; n: X' y6 i8 Y6 d3 @" h
投影線projecting line
- s3 ~1 s- r' s/ N中心投影法perspective projection+ j/ Q  @! L* t4 F0 h
平行投影法parallel projection8 L: b% A+ W0 L: ]0 |  p( s
斜投影oblique projection7 |& |, q3 b7 H, V, ^+ X
正投影orthographic projection
) W6 R! ?% ?* L9 z正投影面frontal plane of projection' [* d2 U1 F8 p' I3 t$ g5 d6 S
側(cè)面投影面profile plane of projection
- I  }0 O# w  k投影圖projection drawing6 E" h$ _7 g* A
三面投影圖three-plane projection drawing+ B8 f5 U" T+ i
投影軸axis of projection
/ c3 p! F, V6 y& h! U- E6 L& D投影特性characteristic of projection  Y" @0 |* Q$ T7 P6 b
不變性characteristic of true& e/ e" n) z. l" C* X. g% [/ L3 X
積聚性characteristic of concentration/ }, D( R. L# M2 G) U& X
類似性characteristic of similarity/ v+ l; h( m. p. M# Y$ W
視圖view8 J3 r' F/ K. T# y2 a/ J- v
三視圖three-view drawing
' G  G  O, z4 g" ^  ^正面frontal plane' I6 b5 k3 N/ B, x3 d: Y
正面投影frontal projection
3 H2 ]$ I! I+ Z% h, F' \水平面horizontal plane
$ `% {9 p) f- Q( X水平投影horizontal projection+ c6 s# e* i( n' }" q
側(cè)面profile plane
1 @# x; H" u4 t( }2 R側(cè)面投影profile projection- K9 M# b" @( c
主視圖frontal view
# F4 t; w0 L0 o* g俯視圖top view- H8 E  Q: Y- R1 P. B
左視圖left side view
/ Z1 _) i  ]. h- S) G# I立體solid
$ [7 a) t- C5 B平面立體plane body
" {- y$ g* }$ j7 X* c2 o/ r" q- l8 N曲面立體body of curved surface' m" z' h/ g3 Y4 ?. N- W
回轉(zhuǎn)面surface of revolution
* c& a8 h1 i9 a& m6 t- A棱柱prism
. G( l) n( I& j棱錐pyramid0 v# d* R2 H3 S) {: G
邊side5 h( D! x: f$ o% g9 @. ^# c
頂點(diǎn)center vertex, h% m! I% Z2 m' k6 c$ I
棱edge
6 K1 v2 I  P4 o: n8 r* W點(diǎn)point
0 L) j1 v6 D' M5 x/ O8 [  Q直線line straight line
6 b; Y( b+ @" G2 f) @! S棱錐臺truncated pyramid1 A; t! b! N6 z2 a% B1 J/ {
frustum of pyramid
, R/ m" p; h: Q4 F3 b9 v重影coincidence of projection/ }7 C9 P: P; p& n4 V( l  Y
積聚concentrate
" b! y: j* V0 {5 v2 H7 r6 l9 z( a5 Q變形deformation
" K7 \2 P# @8 _5 k0 J2 A實(shí)長true length
" J% ?0 v  [' ]1 x: [實(shí)形true shape
2 A0 u, T# R9 B" U正平線frontal line+ H* j' S8 I& B' G8 O; z
水平線horizontal line, W/ o6 k7 w1 f
側(cè)平線profile line
& m2 S/ @. {; [1 v8 G- m2 a& ?一般位置直線oblique line* }- e3 g! S1 h0 i2 Q6 M. h
鉛垂線vertical line, frontal-profile line
& T# u. w* _, E4 i正垂線horizontal--profile line
' Y! y$ ?0 J; `; c+ j4 [- V側(cè)垂線frontal-horizontal line
' u. X5 Z2 \- m) S) u* f& z& |' v, g- j一般位置平面oblique plane; I! M4 \0 a. n- [8 \
相交intersection0 W+ s; l7 p$ c* H% z$ y" {
平行parallel6 u2 f" Q. x0 G7 b: c3 c* w
垂直perpendicular; c/ c* ?$ s! }) d
交線intersecting line, line of intersection: [+ t  c6 D2 {/ h5 h4 \9 n
交點(diǎn)point of intersection2 Z) H4 B" y( r) l: c4 ~) U6 N
平行線parallel line
6 H0 B9 }- G: C3 m1 Q垂直線perpendicular line$ a. d/ E1 t  k& W; s. I# r! b+ T
交叉線skew line
- t9 ?' F; A5 @% X2 {6 |5 M+ d  e長度length
8 r4 T1 z1 Y; s) i: c3 t7 M寬度width
+ c: Y2 E  q4 ]高度height
: J. E4 W% g! }6 g# O  j組合體complex& Z& j* E  j; [/ H
基本幾何體basic body  V3 X  p+ V. F$ H( ?, x
相接built-up
& ~, u  B- W4 C相交inter section. F% \  D; a7 t6 D0 k1 z, k
相切tangent
" q7 f, R1 A2 C/ x相貫penetration
, M5 v( R  s5 P% r支架brace1 h% n5 D# e0 a' b
底板bottom board5 g  a& d4 w7 G8 z$ g  G1 D
肋rib; f( X# G0 c" r9 }5 {9 Q: Q+ ^
支承板bearing plate3 T: `6 R% N; r  L6 E7 w
輪廓線outline, contour line
" W6 }  I9 M& A0 O底圖traced drawing
9 E) T0 R. A: W0 A截平面cutting plane, ~$ @  p- `* u. T
截交線line of section' i+ J8 i# P- w. l7 Z* u& M" c
二重性dual nature
6 R3 P) Z7 W9 G! ]9 K% E平面曲線plane curve
. p: s* h) Y0 s5 z/ }9 n  c( }圓弧arc
$ E& H* h+ t' ^! b% T橢圓ellipse% K7 X( V4 T$ B' [, |
長軸major axis( y" ?7 \- V" F
短軸minor axis* M, @# l* }3 \* e
雙曲線hyperbola' o+ T- z6 N1 p6 y. v+ `9 T
拋物線parabola
  l3 F0 K( X* X7 n. x% f8 R) U圓circle
# f  i" Y8 e  v0 A圓錐頂conic apex , [9 {  [( ]( E
相貫體intersecting bodies* c1 E9 r) N# k5 X- A
相貫線line of intersection
! D( `# J! p% D3 y5 O/ Z& n空間曲線space curve
. K$ c7 ]/ g, W截平面方法cutting plane method
7 N3 ^* a/ Y" o# r- D' B輔助面auxiliary surface$ R2 Q6 s8 Y; p6 ]1 [" |
輔助平面auxiliary plane
+ r9 `: N+ E( S最高點(diǎn)culminating point$ m: F9 x3 }9 z$ T# }, M' ~# v/ G
尺寸Size
6 q9 n6 ~7 F8 ]3 _: f0 R定形尺寸size dimension
6 c  k! Y# x9 \# n7 X( T定位尺寸location dimension3 B6 w0 L# w5 U; D+ I2 `
左視圖right view9 ~9 I6 a1 N3 X/ c% G9 B1 ~
后視圖rear view, back view
6 ~# o  w- \3 J/ p! ^仰視圖bottom view% @* @& z3 J( c! W& {9 t: j
輔助圖auxiliary view* w9 Q9 J8 f* s9 J4 t
局部視圖partial view, broken view( U: }/ o5 \  l% a
斜視圖oblique view% c' A( x2 L1 d& C" K* X- y
旋轉(zhuǎn)視圖revolved view, aligned view% f: Y% S2 |% n# y( P" t, G, {
剖視圖sectional view, section* _0 R6 Q" X" S
全剖視full section
/ M1 o4 d& g) R2 u; O半剖視half section
' [9 L- J5 c( g2 [3 o* K8 g局部剖視圖partial section, broken-out section
$ R) q$ [) x( V( O5 ^斜剖視圖oblique section% I% s" l$ S6 U# b6 D
旋轉(zhuǎn)剖視圖aligned section
* v# Z: d# z6 t階梯剖視echelon section, offset section3 s, q2 d- }+ d' i6 E" C+ _$ D
復(fù)合剖視compound section7 d# T0 M0 B' \  ~
剖面圖section, sectional view, u# _7 D; X8 \, c- j' i1 d! P/ }
重合剖面coincide section, revolved section
1 k  Y/ V) [2 X$ K- J移出剖面removed section
' [6 D7 E$ u& H, s  Y' H剖面線section line. w* m4 {* ]0 Y+ ~
剖面符號symbols for section-lining
/ ?, S+ U" f$ N6 w2 }* A習(xí)慣畫法conventional drawing
7 b+ j1 o* D" j2 `局部放大圖 drawing of partial enlargement
$ b& v. g! g  [+ F/ l零件圖detail drawing, working drawing" |* b+ n0 z1 q$ w9 V( C' v1 `5 g5 O
第三角投影third angle projection
2 V+ b+ y/ G# E6 z0 P粗實(shí)線continuous thick line, full line, visible line
  j* Y  X9 n. @5 s3 f細(xì)實(shí)線continuous thin line
$ j* {7 R' b2 Q9 Z虛線dot line, dashed line, hidden line% @: S9 W3 B  \$ E! ^; E; B& D% X* W
點(diǎn)劃線dash and dot line6 h' q4 f' f/ Z8 B3 C
雙點(diǎn)劃線double dots line
& x/ D% S0 a; k; X; D& O波浪線break line
/ J4 k8 e8 i- q' f8 F4 q# ?斷裂線8 A0 D1 o* y7 T
剖切平面跡線cutting plane line
. K% E& z' k, R- }尺寸線dimension line2 c0 y& v- L3 d& i
尺寸界線extension tine
% s3 a) W) b7 T% `' z. W8 c尺寸dimension size
7 k2 b, E2 ^+ C6 y' ~箭頭arrowhead
  O0 e) e4 ?1 X9 L8 |9 Y" H基準(zhǔn)datum) K- D. ?6 M* Y) G' e9 H
基準(zhǔn)線datum line- e( Q* r- w% U5 w4 ?
基準(zhǔn)面datum plane  n) S6 B. O0 O- q
中心孔central hole. N2 W' H& P$ O7 p9 u+ D
中心距center distance
* z( |2 f5 \' v# u軸shaft, axle( w# a9 _5 e2 L
孔hole' C8 F  z  ?/ L9 u3 Y* q) J
斜孔inclination
  R, I3 t/ o6 D& Z+ n% v" f  U3 @, z裝配圖assembly drawing
  X# `6 L1 U' X; X; f% U性能尺寸characteristic dimension
" |4 j* a5 _, c( y2 X/ c大小尺寸size dimension
$ i; Y7 G5 O" u/ X4 q總體尺寸outer dimension+ `) {/ c* Q2 t- `4 i6 g
外形尺寸
: q4 E/ S1 u4 m1 s配合尺寸fit dimension3 d$ W" v+ I, i" U7 D2 O
內(nèi)圓角fillet
1 {0 N' I* ^: K: g" n1 o外圓角round' F- j2 R5 y2 t9 X- v* i
尖角sharp corner* |5 t1 S  [6 I1 q& d  |% p# x
倒角chamfer
1 i; v1 b3 B; o* ~0 n: I& k- v輪緣flange of wheel
# n9 d& Q) Q7 u3 P$ ]5 f緣、邊、環(huán)rim3 s5 Y7 Y* t" W: E4 U/ T# [  o/ P" c
軸肩shoulder
; l& v5 L8 C$ ], p凸臺boss
& x' e2 v' e1 Y凹坑concave pit- Y' T! {6 F: Z  I1 C+ D
軸頸shaft neck
% f0 U% h  |& \6 E! A  _輪轂hub
7 u* z/ z: D% z2 ^( T& a# k2 ^輪輻spoke, spoke of wheel4 r+ a5 @9 _& N, r( o+ i/ l' s& l
直紋滾花straight knurling s4 v0 X9 e+ }8 A: x# X. i, E6 J
網(wǎng)紋滾花hatching knurling. t3 X5 ^3 ^8 U6 L! [: Z/ s4 s" ]
鍵槽key-way
5 }3 u% f, c$ ~% `, h' d* ^退刀槽escape8 v$ f: B( Z) h1 ?
拔模斜度pattern draft
/ {  M% l* T6 K2 L* m/ P; p) z填料盒g(shù)land box
& R$ r2 t: q4 h$ A) D7 U油槽oil groove
0 b( ~+ i8 h4 }( _+ Q5 c油封oil seal
作者: 五民    時間: 2009-6-4 16:25
標(biāo)準(zhǔn)件standard parts9 c. \; ^4 H# ?
螺紋thread7 t8 {& T2 G( [/ y
外螺紋external thread
" B4 S$ Z- {: o. T% l$ \2 C  r內(nèi)螺紋internal thread0 G! [9 W  C" f
大徑major diameter
$ i8 q9 m3 p& I6 ?9 B& D小徑minor diameter
: o3 f; C% y" y$ A6 S螺距pitch of thread
! Y6 ?- v! r* n8 t9 _- j牙型form of thread
9 r" r' G: M( s/ P& q: N旋向direction of turning5 k4 m7 c; V$ x- l1 `
右旋螺紋right-hand thread
+ s5 i+ N" Z3 s+ f5 t. g& m; _左旋螺紋left-hand thread3 w0 i# H" T9 }0 a# H
頭數(shù)number of thread
4 Z9 \3 t7 d5 L: b& _$ l導(dǎo)程lead
# C4 g2 n2 E) u6 W) M  R. d粗牙coarse thread2 W% i0 g# s" [, W
細(xì)牙fin thread
  y. @+ L  y: I- J螺栓bolt
8 m/ _' C6 u9 k螺釘screw
8 p. e9 K9 Z, C螺柱stud
( S, T: f4 U/ G, [螺母nut
0 N9 X: Z+ c, L( C" I墊片washer1 U( n3 v4 W. g! q( H! |  c7 Z
公差tolerance
0 H, V- Z6 e* F% z) |5 }( r( i9 P公差帶tolerance zone
. b, L9 m7 {  O" q2 d零線zero line
8 Y; r  N7 i  [標(biāo)準(zhǔn)公差standard tolerance
  l. {% K9 O% D. X4 {5 T公差等級tolerance grade6 T/ Y: y/ K7 n8 C7 k
基本偏差fundamental deviation
) M0 |! V" w* X3 o; h' C$ |* Z. {; p配合fit
' \$ b; U8 F7 X5 H7 H  X/ v3 w間隙配合clearance fit7 k7 l: z0 U" P
過盈interference4 Y7 [7 q0 n% G. Z7 D
過盈配合interference fit
( ~. h. w8 U# Q  w  d( V過渡配合transition fit
8 K! V3 p4 B& s! ?8 K2 U. B/ F* M6 p基孔制hole-basic system of fits 0 r) H1 K2 S  z# G
基軸制shaft-basic system of fits
8 [& d) I9 G( l9 g2 f8 A! V間隙clearance
0 M& k+ W5 s; ^( g; m形狀公差tolerance in form, form tolerance
5 q% A" L5 f% r; \- O: @2 S( L直線度straightness
9 X( n1 y4 e! \0 K平面度flatness8 _+ G  u* G( I& X2 n
圓度roundness
, y* C  ~& ]: q3 ~! g5 R8 r7 Y, z) W5 w圓柱度cylindricity- s6 u/ s5 H$ n2 L1 k9 y$ m, M
線輪廓度profile of any line
0 [6 z# R. r4 W7 ~8 C! O# H面輪廓度profile of any plane
1 P; r& Y7 b/ n  S% S0 y位置公差tolerance in position, position tolerances3 ?- D' L9 x  b: p
平行度 parallelism
: c9 [" x3 C7 N) s. B齒輪gear3 N5 n7 l. A( a: y+ M; V
圓柱齒輪cylindrical gear
# e9 _( M9 o' {正齒輪spur gear
. w) S* Q1 ~0 o4 n( D$ D斜齒輪spiral gear4 N" }' w9 W0 s
輪齒gear tooth8 B* s  g: K) ]/ q" K) Y
節(jié)圓pitch circle
0 f$ l1 N+ @  y) C0 r' ]# {; P. f9 J齒頂圓addendum circle, outside circle1 ?& ]! H7 _* Q( u/ n4 U) X
齒根圓root circle, addendum circle
, t4 ~+ h8 D: E. W模數(shù)modulus
; w& P" U, s$ b0 i  T, X齒數(shù)number of teeth
. P2 L1 c# c) {" q4 d# f齒高tooth height
1 C7 U- w" m0 }! f4 X1 N齒頂高h(yuǎn)eight of addendum
6 `# b- k8 h% b0 c3 Q" L+ n" R% v% Z5 V齒根高h(yuǎn)eight of addendum( k1 \4 s" G3 S+ L) h
齒厚circular thickness
2 k8 O% U; g9 r齒間tooth space
' J( {' j3 Y1 u4 o# d  [齒寬tooth width& B) ^4 l6 [  J- a5 C
壓力角angle of pressure% t7 _8 I1 l8 O* P
彈簧spring
% n- _! \+ y, _3 y: K5 c  O銷pin+ b7 p; n- v! A7 V/ d5 v: s7 c; T
圓柱銷round pin
4 S0 d- s# f4 ~8 F7 L圓錐銷taper pin( `6 t" s. k% H0 a
開口銷cotter pin, split6 b9 p; U+ c! ?7 c
鍵key- Z$ z  a0 T$ p7 V
平鍵flat key
* f7 k2 U! @/ }半圓鍵half round key, woodruff key2 Z& E" o0 T% E+ }# Y2 N. R) \
軸承bearing
8 L0 u# c$ d/ P) q9 ?8 J  F滾動軸承rolling bearing$ |& G7 |7 B# h7 E9 t" x1 m7 @6 S
向心鈾承radial bearing
! c( v9 l9 E& e, B2 b- U+ A密封裝置sealing equipment0 M! m6 c% O; W+ u2 V( t, [, f' E& A
鎖緊裝置locking equipment
+ C; f0 J6 J( ~! |+ ?粗糙度roughness
) [7 b* t. t  O2 w& C5 H7 p9 h基本尺寸basic size( A' s  G5 v5 Q& A
實(shí)際尺寸actual size
- ^  ?' f6 g1 a0 G極限尺寸limits size
# `" X, _3 i( M4 y最大極限尺寸maximum limit of size! c6 y9 m9 }3 m! W0 B4 Q9 ]" ^
最小極限尺寸minimum limit of size7 e; h, \- f+ N+ U$ r
偏差deviation9 u: O9 k: l% H% m$ b
上偏差upper deviation
9 d* r+ B( p3 M* Y, T+ @* C/ ]: {% p% |下偏差lower deviation
. q# e3 Z0 K* M! }! G) X. ]/ }: L/ ~0 V垂直度perpendicularity4 p" m# h& K" \- C6 ^8 p
傾斜度angularity
  `, K* A0 @3 n8 ]0 P同軸度concentricity
- f' s% T" f0 m; q7 G: n' _對稱度symmetry3 a( `0 }/ j0 I% k+ c! d% F
位置度true position7 @- ]. l, c# I5 X; y0 V+ f' P% \
跳動run-out2 ^0 v  }! R8 W
圓跳動cycle run-out! v  W" j. `- A$ Y$ i* Q
全跳動total run-out 6 O) x! ~" [1 G$ v9 g# B- S, b
軸測投影axonometric projection8 [& X3 g. j9 U) j
軸測投影面plane of axonometric projection
2 K: W; U9 W. a2 R軸測圖axonometric drawing
/ h1 \  K5 }. ?# S正等軸測投影isometric projection
1 w, J# s, T& Y! H正二測bimetric projection- o& u4 y! a$ x6 t
斜二測oblique bimetric projection
; m, l4 z) c$ l0 T+ x- y! J, E軸測軸axonometric axis: b! D, G1 n* D1 [6 ]1 F
軸間角axis angle, angle between ales$ g; r6 x7 `7 l! P) r; g
縮短foreshortened! N3 O! {5 d: u3 c1 o
軸向縮短率coefficient of axial( M9 V' L0 w/ T2 @5 x
deformation ratio of
1 G/ l1 a. n7 Q- y; yfore shortening for any axis
* B0 n5 F) d: b4 j切割法cutting method, by cutting
" g$ d9 }# n5 E6 X4 Y, R: p方箱法boxing method- t; }: z; b( O7 m6 I
坐標(biāo)法coordinate method
7 Y$ o3 Q. e) r$ Q5 n& v% }. M方框法enclosing-square method
* C. m1 n& @! N9 ^; v7 t四心近似法four-center approximate method



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