"We wanted to know what they do when they're digging,how they decide how to dig if there's no central leader,"Goldman said.
' r ^5 d X9 t0 B) H- GGoldman說“我們想知道當(dāng)他們在挖掘的時候做了什么，當(dāng)沒有中央領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人的時候他們是怎么決定怎樣挖掘的”。
1 z4 {" Q; t2 a$ WFor You:Racism Runs Deep,Even Against Robots; ]( {; Z5 `) [, g/ y' ~. {, t2 k0 }
對你而言：種族注意深入人心，甚至對機(jī)器人
] _0 p; c( jTo find out,the team get 30 fire ants,put dots of different colors on their abdomens,placed them in a container of wet glass particles,and watched them dig.The team present its results in a recent issue of Science.5 O$ B @: b" c2 `; U
為了找出答案，這個團(tuán)隊捉了30只火蟻， 在他們的腹部畫上不同顏色的點，把它們放在有著濕玻璃顆粒的容器中，觀察他們挖掘。這個小組它研究結(jié)果刊登在最近的《科學(xué)》的問題中。
1 c9 E8 J* _- r5 iThe ants didn't play tag team,work in alternating groups,or take turns in any other fashion.In fact,their strategy is quite simple:A handful of the ants did the work (about 30 percent)while the majority did nothing. j% v( \/ a9 B) L
螞蟻沒有玩標(biāo)簽團(tuán)隊，工作在可交替的組中，以任何其他方式輪流。實際上，它們的策略相當(dāng)簡單：少數(shù)螞蟻工作（大約百分之三十）然而多數(shù)螞蟻什么也不做。
" ]9 ^* \$ X% x* L# g0 g4 `' a"Very few were doing any of the labor,"Goldman said."Over 48 hours,with a group of thirty ants,half never came to the tunnel."4 i$ d1 Q! T! A5 p' H$ T7 A$ x
“很少的螞蟻做任何工作”，Goldman說“超過48小時，一個30只螞蟻的團(tuán)隊，半數(shù)沒有進(jìn)隧道。”! ]% Y' s4 G( x
When his team remove the five hardest working ants,five more stepped up to the plate to carry on the digging.+ I' t9 |8 T; T# v
當(dāng)他的團(tuán)隊移走了五個工作最努力的螞蟻，另外五只螞蟻爬到了平臺上繼續(xù)挖掘。
f, ^0 j- m L2 |The strategy of minority servitude served the ants so well that Goldman decided to try it on a group of robots.; c+ ^' l8 w/ L5 A/ e8 [5 `
少數(shù)奴役的策略為螞蟻很好的服務(wù)，于是Goldman決定在一組機(jī)器人上嘗試這個。6 t" e( y7 Q. s. L; @% x2 m$ I
The robots,essentially oblong shells on wheels,resembled armadillos more than ants.Researchers placed them in a narrow channel with plastic valls on5 n: i/ U9 N/ t! w/ V* [3 H
one end that served as the soil.The robots would roll over to the balls with the intention of grabbing them,moving them,and relasing them with their' F, V3 k4 Y: _3 ~
gator-like jaws.Push switches on their shells would alert them to the presense of their fellow workers.0 H/ e! T7 E0 K# T8 v5 C2 d5 V4 |, _ c
這些機(jī)器人，事實上是輪子上帶有橢圓形的殼，類似犰狳而非螞蟻。研究者們吧它們放在一個狹窄的渠道里，渠道的一端是作為土壤的塑料球。機(jī)器人
. N% k0 [/ f/ W; `1 g- B將翻滾到到球上，通過使用鱷魚般的下巴有意的抓取他們，移動他們，釋放他們。打開它們殼上的開關(guān)將提醒他們同時的存在。4 s. ?6 I4 v$ v% y; v2 ] J6 V# k* o( [
Researchers programmed the bots to follow one of the three strategies for removing the balls:"eager,""reversal,"and"lazy."2 [. a. G8 J8 T" G1 y# `: R# K- s. c
研究者們給機(jī)器人編程遵循三個策略的其中之一去移走球：“急忙，”“翻轉(zhuǎn)，”和“懶惰?！?font class="jammer">5 C% {: l5 M I* P+ V: f
Eager robots simply tried go to the dig site as much as possible without interference from their comrades,regardless of how many " p4 d$ k0 C$ O4 v
robots were already there.The strategy generated a traffic jams."when we applied a eager strategy,the robots would grind against
6 W1 b- t6 C" b6 Q5 F3 ^% Z: deach other and suffer a lot of breakage,"Goldman said.* L3 @3 G/ S9 d8 {) c. c% g
急忙的機(jī)器人不管來自同伴的干擾而只是嘗試去盡可能的挖掘地皮，不管已經(jīng)有多少機(jī)器人在那兒了。這個策略形成了一次交通擁堵。
; l- P" R R- Y9 h. OGoldman說："當(dāng)我們應(yīng)用急忙策略時，機(jī)器人會相互反制并且受到了很多破壞。"0 S L7 y! v! q- e
Reversal robots would turn around and leave the site if they encountered other workers,but would soon return to try again.Lazy robots) Q+ [/ V2 K8 g, r2 P7 a
were largely inactive and would only head to the site to dig occasionly.
# h R9 v' U, F如果他們遇到了其他工作者的話，翻轉(zhuǎn)機(jī)器人將會回轉(zhuǎn)并且離開地皮，但是不久會返回再次嘗試。懶惰的機(jī)器人大部分不活躍，只會偶爾去挖掘地皮。) N) I! S$ h' `, }
When reversal-minded robots approached the balls and found another robot already at work they would turn around.This proved; O* V; A7 {' {( Z% s% [0 j. u
a relatively efficient scheme with no gridlock,but the work processed slowly.The lazy,ant-imitating robots,however,proved to be the
5 w* B8 G$ q& `3 {, j6 B4 I9 C7 tfastest at completing the task.
, L$ V# d- I2 F9 ?. _, E1 S當(dāng)有翻轉(zhuǎn)思想的機(jī)器人接近球并且發(fā)現(xiàn)已經(jīng)有另一個機(jī)器人在工作時，他們將回轉(zhuǎn)。這種做法被證明是一種沒有堵塞的相當(dāng)有效的方案,
7 H+ B& i: D V5 w6 G但是工作進(jìn)程慢。那些懶的，模仿螞蟻的機(jī)器人，然而，被證明完成工作是最快的。
, A3 ?" C3 ]" T/ D2 r2 yThe strategy could be essential for tommorow's hordes of rescue bots."Future swarm of robots that are moving through a complex
) U+ w" |/ T% R( m9 s) f3 senvironment after a nuture disaster,or when a building has collapsed,will be getting in each other's way,"Goldman said."This is a story
0 Z8 A/ x* w! @( i0 e$ ?. Q: t% j$ ^about how to work with uncertainly and unpredictability."
, ^& R" y; ]- t5 N0 H/ K這種策略會對將來的成群的救援機(jī)器人有效。“未來在的一群機(jī)器人穿越一場自然災(zāi)害過后的復(fù)雜的環(huán)境，或者當(dāng)一棟倒塌后的大樓,將會7 V2 w4 f) {" _2 n( n/ A' h: ?4 [" R
互相幫助，”Goldman說。“這是一個關(guān)于怎樣處理不確定性和無法預(yù)料性的故事?！?font class="jammer">0 s ^- Y1 E( A: c% I! S& n
In the story,robots that talk with each other could take turns or replace robots that lose power or wear out."But then you have to know
" }) D3 r7 M/ D9 ^! Pwhat everyone else is doing,"Goldman said.This woud require the technology and programming for higher levers of communication.(As it5 g/ A# U* h) h. r& V3 g4 C* | y
happens,no one knows how ant chose which 30 percent does the work.)But having "lazy",autonomous robot,could keep things lean and
2 M! G0 ]# b& f) @8 z; F5 c# D& Iefficient.
3 ] V' E9 e3 L% }1 i8 J+ [在這個故事中，機(jī)器人可以互相交流能回轉(zhuǎn)或者替代沒有電或者電力不足的機(jī)器人?！暗悄惚仨氈浪衅渌嗽诟墒裁矗盙oldman說。
/ T$ m& f* G8 \這樣就需要技術(shù)和編程更高等級的交流。（當(dāng)它發(fā)生的時候,沒人知道螞蟻是怎樣選擇哪30個做這個工作。）但是有了“懶的”，自主性機(jī)器人,7 R1 C: n' X; U H5 z1 ?; @6 ^
可以保持精益和高效。
. `5 @( i$ r" N% x0 [# g) h: }+ X, x" _( q- s5 r4 ]7 F
/ ]3 K+ D5 s2 h k' g
Michael Abrams is an independent writer# S* e$ t0 j5 b* z. k
摘自：https://www.asme.org/engineering ... e-ants-get-job-done! E8 Z8 @' r& y3 j9 {% _
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