工程圖學常用詞匯

五民

投影 projection
# g1 h* Z; T! k0 X" M' }" y7 v投影中心center of projection
1 ^+ |1 d& P: l5 n8 V投影面projecting plane
' L3 }$ q: F7 A2 S9 U投影線projecting line
中心投影法perspective projection
. v: P! |( R1 P! i" k平行投影法parallel projection
1 F1 C  U$ B- {7 J4 T) w) P  r# o斜投影oblique projection
正投影orthographic projection
正投影面frontal plane of projection
1 p, b# A8 o! s# y; x$ V側(cè)面投影面profile plane of projection
# c6 e% V4 B1 l4 B7 W1 Y0 n: M投影圖projection drawing
三面投影圖three-plane projection drawing
" l1 A9 g& n/ ?: [  }* U投影軸axis of projection
: G6 s  w4 s- t- R6 S* Y& v投影特性characteristic of projection
不變性characteristic of true
積聚性characteristic of concentration
; o" W0 [. A# _" h: A  }  w4 n* b  Q" N類似性characteristic of similarity
  p: v+ I/ B5 w+ o視圖view
三視圖three-view drawing
正面frontal plane
( f; v8 d4 ?3 G" G& ?  M正面投影frontal projection
水平面horizontal plane
8 d  ]: g8 J, N水平投影horizontal projection
側(cè)面profile plane
側(cè)面投影profile projection
1 D7 g; B, X* \1 j1 E9 ?1 t$ @主視圖frontal view
# N  j* |8 j% j/ }4 j. e9 T俯視圖top view
8 [4 I. D2 }+ J7 c: T左視圖left side view
3 t; S2 g* F, h- K立體solid
7 Y! W$ {% P5 e9 e1 |平面立體plane body
曲面立體body of curved surface
7 u1 \9 D7 b7 B4 h& F回轉(zhuǎn)面surface of revolution
棱柱prism
棱錐pyramid
邊side
頂點center vertex
棱edge
點point
直線line straight line
棱錐臺truncated pyramid
frustum of pyramid
重影coincidence of projection
8 ?! x( b5 W5 x8 C積聚concentrate
變形deformation
實長true length
實形true shape
正平線frontal line
) S* m: g# y/ ?; v  a水平線horizontal line
側(cè)平線profile line
一般位置直線oblique line
鉛垂線vertical line, frontal-profile line
正垂線horizontal--profile line
! r- R& z* @+ n3 ^5 ~側(cè)垂線frontal-horizontal line
; |( K# R! s# L3 u+ S一般位置平面oblique plane
相交intersection
& ^/ O- J8 l8 W9 D5 B平行parallel
垂直perpendicular
交線intersecting line, line of intersection
交點point of intersection
平行線parallel line
垂直線perpendicular line
交叉線skew line
長度length
' F0 J0 \3 d. A9 V2 O% `; I寬度width
' h$ r2 n% t& g高度height
組合體complex
基本幾何體basic body
; }- y2 X# X3 U2 ]# e& z+ e8 T相接built-up
0 a6 |2 Q5 j9 {2 y相交inter section
相切tangent
相貫penetration
支架brace
: f# M5 i2 B/ m" M; w底板bottom board
肋rib
, I) g5 S3 t1 I% N; U, Q支承板bearing plate
0 r' @0 Y0 [3 S4 d2 T輪廓線outline, contour line
  C- l: U( I% [" A% i: D8 a- O7 u底圖traced drawing
截平面cutting plane
截交線line of section
0 a1 d; W, C$ i; C6 L" Y6 L- Z二重性dual nature
平面曲線plane curve
圓弧arc
橢圓ellipse
長軸major axis
短軸minor axis
6 K3 t( u6 H0 j! ~% M雙曲線hyperbola
拋物線parabola
圓circle
圓錐頂conic apex
% i) ?* J- _; J+ Y相貫體intersecting bodies
相貫線line of intersection
2 j  b0 k/ N# E# J) _5 D空間曲線space curve
; o6 U5 ~! {, j截平面方法cutting plane method
輔助面auxiliary surface
+ L1 r' `- o4 {& V4 c輔助平面auxiliary plane
3 {/ P( h% y# ~9 b: S' Y( G( e7 c最高點culminating point
尺寸Size
$ s7 B$ D6 u% E, J, a定形尺寸size dimension
定位尺寸location dimension
左視圖right view
后視圖rear view, back view
2 r2 K! E$ M2 M' ^' e! y仰視圖bottom view
輔助圖auxiliary view
局部視圖partial view, broken view
斜視圖oblique view
旋轉(zhuǎn)視圖revolved view, aligned view
剖視圖sectional view, section
全剖視full section
: d4 p+ \: k  B' }. P8 Q' W半剖視half section
+ [6 S. n9 r7 w% B: a" h# b# V局部剖視圖partial section, broken-out section
斜剖視圖oblique section
旋轉(zhuǎn)剖視圖aligned section
+ v& Z7 ^: s5 W% V5 p! f: }0 `階梯剖視echelon section, offset section
- t5 n9 t; k1 @復合剖視compound section
: D) o1 ~! \) k0 ]. S# K/ a剖面圖section, sectional view
重合剖面coincide section, revolved section
7 C$ }  H7 ?' A) R5 G  E移出剖面removed section
剖面線section line
剖面符號symbols for section-lining
) h$ Y6 f: H" M4 v/ n6 |習慣畫法conventional drawing
局部放大圖 drawing of partial enlargement
9 T0 e6 C5 Z* l* \8 x零件圖detail drawing, working drawing
第三角投影third angle projection
粗實線continuous thick line, full line, visible line
% _/ m" u% x! y6 b' q; X) Z. o細實線continuous thin line
虛線dot line, dashed line, hidden line
點劃線dash and dot line
雙點劃線double dots line
( X/ ]; s! r+ u3 W5 E4 t8 `( N波浪線break line
# I; l+ v; P% _; s+ k斷裂線
) [) |8 N) W# |+ ^剖切平面跡線cutting plane line
尺寸線dimension line
尺寸界線extension tine
尺寸dimension size
$ `4 e( d8 O1 a& R+ [* j3 z5 h' v* ]箭頭arrowhead
基準datum
1 _: T( H1 M2 I; x- z基準線datum line
' P( c5 ^# _' k% j1 m. _  H  P基準面datum plane
6 [. ?. V  v7 @) `) V7 M. e; F中心孔central hole
中心距center distance
  f9 e' L8 v( V* X" G9 p& E軸shaft, axle
0 ^& z; D- F/ y" Q0 ?孔hole
( M2 ~- e$ Z9 l6 j斜孔inclination
  @4 R" G: d, j: P) [裝配圖assembly drawing
性能尺寸characteristic dimension
大小尺寸size dimension
總體尺寸outer dimension
外形尺寸
, d0 k2 F' o5 R; @' X) n0 ~配合尺寸fit dimension
$ V) I( e( m. x& M內(nèi)圓角fillet
外圓角round
尖角sharp corner
倒角chamfer
輪緣flange of wheel
緣、邊、環(huán)rim
軸肩shoulder
凸臺boss
; Z4 @4 C: y" U) R1 D凹坑concave pit
軸頸shaft neck
$ v$ n  w# k, q* f. d+ X( v# D輪轂hub
輪輻spoke, spoke of wheel
直紋滾花straight knurling s
網(wǎng)紋滾花hatching knurling
鍵槽key-way
4 o) x1 H1 ]9 _3 d# G2 w# V* v8 y退刀槽escape
拔模斜度pattern draft
填料盒gland box
) ^0 b8 L  R6 h3 l油槽oil groove
油封oil seal

五民

標準件standard parts
螺紋thread
外螺紋external thread
' z* W# d5 s  f- h  V* W5 T; m內(nèi)螺紋internal thread
! B9 q" p! |* B/ T, F6 r大徑major diameter
- h' ~& E+ i5 z1 V0 P* K小徑minor diameter
. V1 K2 y, N" M- A$ i7 w4 B4 H螺距pitch of thread
牙型form of thread
旋向direction of turning
右旋螺紋right-hand thread
  n) A! b+ S( n# M# W5 G. X左旋螺紋left-hand thread
. _6 M+ Y5 k7 f! y$ d. v頭數(shù)number of thread
導程lead
0 o; i2 G/ P& d7 f$ c# I: d5 b3 T粗牙coarse thread
細牙fin thread
5 c' I  r6 b: ?" x; V3 O9 g2 h1 q5 P螺栓bolt
螺釘screw
螺柱stud
螺母nut
/ t8 d' Y1 c8 @5 z墊片washer
! ?  b& _) c% y- B  ^公差tolerance
公差帶tolerance zone
" q* R: o$ C- S7 u( ]3 Q$ B' X零線zero line
: h& d9 f. t, p- Q標準公差standard tolerance
公差等級tolerance grade
6 o0 h: m6 x! g" U* a% Y' Y' I基本偏差fundamental deviation
& t, }& _: I1 k( H4 }$ p0 R7 I+ L配合fit
間隙配合clearance fit
過盈interference
" h. {# f- u0 C3 p4 U' V6 G過盈配合interference fit
2 Q( ]& `8 f  ?7 ~過渡配合transition fit
基孔制hole-basic system of fits
基軸制shaft-basic system of fits
間隙clearance
: s1 b* [% ?# {8 z5 H5 R/ T形狀公差tolerance in form, form tolerance
直線度straightness
2 ^3 g, y3 Z- ]3 u平面度flatness
# Q% g$ f0 t2 m圓度roundness
1 J, u1 b3 T! a/ u" z圓柱度cylindricity
線輪廓度profile of any line
- k. N2 M7 h) y0 O( U2 ~5 H面輪廓度profile of any plane
位置公差tolerance in position, position tolerances
0 h  O0 c9 A) m3 X  i" H平行度 parallelism
齒輪gear
' L. b- s* `" W  \" r) _  ^圓柱齒輪cylindrical gear
" o3 q8 d9 F) N) z8 u+ ]正齒輪spur gear
: u# r# w2 q' B/ k, I# [( L斜齒輪spiral gear
輪齒gear tooth
節(jié)圓pitch circle
/ t3 ?6 l) ?- E6 |/ f1 r( T齒頂圓addendum circle, outside circle
齒根圓root circle, addendum circle
8 \, s1 ]8 `, L/ q模數(shù)modulus
齒數(shù)number of teeth
( L( w( B' Q& ?( P/ y/ D/ ^! k齒高tooth height
. |; I8 ?( G4 W% t- ?8 `9 l  `齒頂高height of addendum
齒根高height of addendum
齒厚circular thickness
7 O. ?4 d5 f. J4 F; Q齒間tooth space
7 H/ |  b. }4 U0 L6 I齒寬tooth width
壓力角angle of pressure
彈簧spring
# t  H, N+ \2 |$ t# {! y0 f銷pin
  R2 [( u$ z0 O( E5 T; J圓柱銷round pin
) C6 R3 Z! N# S( ?# O% P圓錐銷taper pin
開口銷cotter pin, split
鍵key
平鍵flat key
半圓鍵half round key, woodruff key
軸承bearing
* ^7 \( h* j7 y- g滾動軸承rolling bearing
4 S' d6 h3 `9 V5 \向心鈾承radial bearing
密封裝置sealing equipment
' s& [- U/ ]% j; r) d鎖緊裝置locking equipment
粗糙度roughness
7 C7 P0 Q9 i, R5 h0 g; |+ N基本尺寸basic size
$ _; \9 y/ j; Q) w3 D實際尺寸actual size
! ?# |  C9 ?- E4 \! o極限尺寸limits size
最大極限尺寸maximum limit of size
+ `! F, B0 h1 X/ x最小極限尺寸minimum limit of size
% s! P% e; o7 x" J9 e+ e+ C9 q偏差deviation
上偏差upper deviation
9 V' [9 {# {! e5 m  Z下偏差lower deviation
- r% \) X( C+ E& `( _+ @: f垂直度perpendicularity
, A( C+ r- s$ o. E. N' N傾斜度angularity
4 E' }2 v! h1 n* f% ?$ f同軸度concentricity
, x$ {# U& p1 N3 L' H$ g對稱度symmetry
0 u8 \# ^  a' P% @4 B$ `- ^$ K7 o位置度true position
* a- ~  h  @. M; u, s' ]跳動run-out
+ t9 {: W! I! F: b5 d' B圓跳動cycle run-out
全跳動total run-out
軸測投影axonometric projection
軸測投影面plane of axonometric projection
& b3 X: g+ ^$ T1 A- _* E. l* ?, B軸測圖axonometric drawing
$ Y* n3 n! d( f' X8 M; y正等軸測投影isometric projection
7 o9 }9 N0 h9 p  K正二測bimetric projection
斜二測oblique bimetric projection
+ [8 T; n$ E: i, O& `, G' u軸測軸axonometric axis
, F5 h4 i1 S* o: R軸間角axis angle, angle between ales
縮短foreshortened
% g  o; [- a" F$ j  G軸向縮短率coefficient of axial
deformation ratio of
/ \+ f% B- i2 Mfore shortening for any axis
- J. Q, i2 U. ^9 \# p/ a% n切割法cutting method, by cutting
方箱法boxing method
2 _0 c) J1 N/ [坐標法coordinate method
方框法enclosing-square method
四心近似法four-center approximate method