工程圖學(xué)常用詞匯

五民

投影 projection
2 y7 A! F4 S; {8 D4 q投影中心center of projection
: c0 G0 {. b5 I5 _投影面projecting plane
投影線projecting line
- U/ x5 p6 L4 d/ ]中心投影法perspective projection
) @. P" [+ L# u; C平行投影法parallel projection
) w0 B* t/ `, w6 A/ ?斜投影oblique projection
+ \& g0 _: n( s2 n! Z6 k正投影orthographic projection
正投影面frontal plane of projection
側(cè)面投影面profile plane of projection
( h) L  x+ _; t9 u投影圖projection drawing
三面投影圖three-plane projection drawing
投影軸axis of projection
投影特性characteristic of projection
8 }% Q" o4 Q9 e' X; x4 C不變性characteristic of true
積聚性characteristic of concentration
# t/ j8 p* A4 ?類似性characteristic of similarity
視圖view
/ j! O" n( z  d8 C# _6 V6 J/ T三視圖three-view drawing
. @3 [# k& x/ [: j' t( E) Q正面frontal plane
1 g* `, y- J2 _; K4 j3 I( _8 Z! r5 S正面投影frontal projection
水平面horizontal plane
4 h$ d( |3 H! [% o' v! G水平投影horizontal projection
. n# O1 U2 @6 x& ~! w9 V3 \側(cè)面profile plane
* ~' f+ P, f* _# C3 B側(cè)面投影profile projection
主視圖frontal view
俯視圖top view
左視圖left side view
; @* h- g0 y- }3 u立體solid
' d4 Z- S7 U& c& P: l0 B平面立體plane body
曲面立體body of curved surface
回轉(zhuǎn)面surface of revolution
* P$ [& \* R9 c5 ~" z棱柱prism
棱錐pyramid
邊side
頂點center vertex
! P' H$ M( a# ]* {- E5 l  A  q棱edge
點point
直線line straight line
棱錐臺truncated pyramid
6 h0 o# _9 Q$ Z  ]6 E% Hfrustum of pyramid
0 E3 o: y2 D% p' V3 @, ]8 f重影coincidence of projection
* w* _- G: {/ T; \& n# S9 X4 Q: N積聚concentrate
3 S4 l0 ~. e$ N6 c5 f7 J: r5 x變形deformation
實長true length
- [; n( F, P9 @. T- d實形true shape
正平線frontal line
1 C$ C$ H1 H3 [7 p% C- j水平線horizontal line
) o& Y5 i  J6 v( L1 h側(cè)平線profile line
- I: a: H: L" Z9 D' V5 ~- x* e一般位置直線oblique line
5 k- ^' d8 ~9 f2 J鉛垂線vertical line, frontal-profile line
正垂線horizontal--profile line
4 E# C5 u5 m* ^, I側(cè)垂線frontal-horizontal line
一般位置平面oblique plane
相交intersection
平行parallel
, M5 I6 F; x( e: B- `垂直perpendicular
交線intersecting line, line of intersection
& I0 k# N! r5 h( m* R4 _8 x! C交點point of intersection
平行線parallel line
垂直線perpendicular line
交叉線skew line
長度length
5 t6 n9 L. g- Z% N  d& z( W寬度width
高度height
4 d3 ]3 g! U& Y1 \% H) ^組合體complex
/ d: ]7 i' F8 N6 m9 k基本幾何體basic body
2 r7 s2 B; r1 w$ j' H% W6 ^相接built-up
% d8 q  {, n+ s6 p相交inter section
相切tangent
6 B) E: ^/ d" |2 N# E7 f8 Y+ e$ F相貫penetration
支架brace
- u, S' q- _9 e* g底板bottom board
$ H5 l; Z  @; y! `( v肋rib
! O0 d/ _4 N! q8 c5 E0 [8 I' p& X支承板bearing plate
3 Q" V3 c3 C, d3 N! H  P輪廓線outline, contour line
底圖traced drawing
* Q5 N5 O! J) ], q, }* b# l) o截平面cutting plane
- }0 i8 n: q' [截交線line of section
! ]0 j6 u% B& D0 \' M0 j5 ?二重性dual nature
: f: g+ W  J5 \8 u) p平面曲線plane curve
圓弧arc
橢圓ellipse
長軸major axis
短軸minor axis
* |  W% \! q  m% S0 B雙曲線hyperbola
- K" _' @& }) m8 p+ d; Q拋物線parabola
& R% A2 m; Y# ^* J/ u  r8 a圓circle
圓錐頂conic apex
相貫體intersecting bodies
相貫線line of intersection
& I$ @  P4 m6 S空間曲線space curve
截平面方法cutting plane method
輔助面auxiliary surface
輔助平面auxiliary plane
最高點culminating point
$ p; B! T$ i$ p8 w1 L0 t尺寸Size
定形尺寸size dimension
定位尺寸location dimension
左視圖right view
后視圖rear view, back view
仰視圖bottom view
輔助圖auxiliary view
- N, n# n# S/ h0 z: m7 u. B) z/ u局部視圖partial view, broken view
. [: n* \& W) s, J$ z2 h斜視圖oblique view
旋轉(zhuǎn)視圖revolved view, aligned view
剖視圖sectional view, section
全剖視full section
3 B0 g/ J! f2 J2 F半剖視half section
+ ^# q& L2 x( v' u9 Q" \7 L" N+ A局部剖視圖partial section, broken-out section
斜剖視圖oblique section
旋轉(zhuǎn)剖視圖aligned section
7 K) E4 I, d& h+ `& w階梯剖視echelon section, offset section
5 d7 k/ ~; X. |9 n' D4 I復(fù)合剖視compound section
剖面圖section, sectional view
重合剖面coincide section, revolved section
移出剖面removed section
剖面線section line
剖面符號symbols for section-lining
習(xí)慣畫法conventional drawing
/ E# L7 j1 I" b+ U: J1 U局部放大圖 drawing of partial enlargement
+ l! ]7 U# \" C零件圖detail drawing, working drawing
第三角投影third angle projection
# k' r9 R7 d3 ]% i# n1 b; S% F0 J粗實線continuous thick line, full line, visible line
細(xì)實線continuous thin line
虛線dot line, dashed line, hidden line
" ?5 q6 H  m0 b. v4 F8 H點劃線dash and dot line
3 n. }/ h: V0 U2 @8 w雙點劃線double dots line
% z' w" O* l! X7 \2 k波浪線break line
0 `+ J- @* @  P' A7 @* u) ~0 l& W斷裂線
剖切平面跡線cutting plane line
尺寸線dimension line
尺寸界線extension tine
/ ^% O& O8 |/ ~8 ]* N$ W% d尺寸dimension size
箭頭arrowhead
基準(zhǔn)datum
; E5 c1 h! \! a基準(zhǔn)線datum line
基準(zhǔn)面datum plane
) q4 u# R; j. t) ~中心孔central hole
中心距center distance
軸shaft, axle
孔hole
斜孔inclination
" `4 o9 A" c  ~, n% k裝配圖assembly drawing
性能尺寸characteristic dimension
大小尺寸size dimension
. p* ?1 a/ z: N& p, R  x4 E總體尺寸outer dimension
8 F6 S1 @3 d; Q5 H外形尺寸
配合尺寸fit dimension
! u( z; e/ Q" d. r內(nèi)圓角fillet
' F0 F( l! j+ A) X/ @* [2 D4 L) C外圓角round
尖角sharp corner
$ }0 u4 E  n3 S; |7 X; w) A" t2 ~倒角chamfer
輪緣flange of wheel
緣、邊、環(huán)rim
' ]# b0 _" m0 }8 m7 L: M軸肩shoulder
凸臺boss
0 c+ d& L# s1 i# I凹坑concave pit
軸頸shaft neck
  j# ?( n# z% z0 h+ l& J2 d( X輪轂hub
! K: ~9 L( z0 H, r1 H輪輻spoke, spoke of wheel
& L1 \6 t2 E$ l5 h直紋滾花straight knurling s
網(wǎng)紋滾花hatching knurling
5 K' D5 o" V1 Y# Q0 W7 D3 S+ M鍵槽key-way
' W/ ~- \. Z$ ]4 h( U) _退刀槽escape
拔模斜度pattern draft
填料盒g(shù)land box
油槽oil groove
油封oil seal

五民

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)件standard parts
+ i7 D- i) M; z7 b, T螺紋thread
' y$ @, d4 l! o. |9 i外螺紋external thread
" C( W* v; V7 D+ P1 ^1 S5 ]( ~內(nèi)螺紋internal thread
大徑major diameter
) _& o* ~6 W  r; Y  ?小徑minor diameter
% K# N3 n! U# i0 t螺距pitch of thread
牙型form of thread
旋向direction of turning
; y6 }7 ]- T+ f! O7 G$ |" o右旋螺紋right-hand thread
左旋螺紋left-hand thread
8 y8 N, D) T+ i/ Q頭數(shù)number of thread
導(dǎo)程lead
粗牙coarse thread
( f! {, o1 m' {5 h( Z9 ]" z細(xì)牙fin thread
+ S. {4 N( y, `  n: G* V+ I螺栓bolt
螺釘screw
( h! ?4 V+ D; \2 m螺柱stud
螺母nut
墊片washer
公差tolerance
公差帶tolerance zone
零線zero line
標(biāo)準(zhǔn)公差standard tolerance
公差等級tolerance grade
基本偏差fundamental deviation
配合fit
間隙配合clearance fit
! X# N0 G0 ?$ E$ Z1 p; |' e$ X過盈interference
! P5 O; P4 A2 S+ h% ^, }3 I  r過盈配合interference fit
" ], F4 H1 s, B6 S8 [) S$ I過渡配合transition fit
基孔制hole-basic system of fits
/ M. w# k* g2 p1 f- a基軸制shaft-basic system of fits
間隙clearance
+ @( {5 V- ]! H. J形狀公差tolerance in form, form tolerance
直線度straightness
平面度flatness
圓度roundness
圓柱度cylindricity
4 `) G  H) K* V$ Y$ d線輪廓度profile of any line
面輪廓度profile of any plane
位置公差tolerance in position, position tolerances
. B% k# E7 d$ o) q$ ~平行度 parallelism
齒輪gear
圓柱齒輪cylindrical gear
正齒輪spur gear
斜齒輪spiral gear
; f% [* R) n: |; b輪齒gear tooth
# X4 ]. `5 a, F8 {8 f節(jié)圓pitch circle
: A. k; Z3 q' P齒頂圓addendum circle, outside circle
5 B0 Q  _, S& h- l  g齒根圓root circle, addendum circle
模數(shù)modulus
齒數(shù)number of teeth
9 r4 G( E3 m6 H& @" m* V齒高tooth height
齒頂高h(yuǎn)eight of addendum
齒根高h(yuǎn)eight of addendum
齒厚circular thickness
' q- G9 M! E) `! L齒間tooth space
齒寬tooth width
# w0 w; G0 g) ~4 D( S壓力角angle of pressure
彈簧spring
" s: @" f5 t+ `- A/ q" T+ D; s4 i銷pin
圓柱銷round pin
圓錐銷taper pin
開口銷cotter pin, split
鍵key
平鍵flat key
半圓鍵half round key, woodruff key
! F1 D: L) x" G* n2 v軸承bearing
滾動軸承rolling bearing
3 b+ l0 Q) B4 w( [向心鈾承radial bearing
# A0 y" a* O: K8 H) }  ?密封裝置sealing equipment
$ d9 `( _5 i, H! t/ i, v$ c鎖緊裝置locking equipment
粗糙度roughness
基本尺寸basic size
實際尺寸actual size
極限尺寸limits size
最大極限尺寸maximum limit of size
6 n4 {4 T) D  N9 A2 @: u1 J, P. E最小極限尺寸minimum limit of size
2 M+ B3 d# Y9 o0 o$ q偏差deviation
上偏差upper deviation
8 ]( m" g6 k3 i0 w' ?' U: i下偏差lower deviation
( U8 H, t  D0 o# T, o4 i垂直度perpendicularity
傾斜度angularity
* S$ h* _* U, o同軸度concentricity
對稱度symmetry
位置度true position
跳動run-out
( T! G3 p/ F' c圓跳動cycle run-out
/ ^, u" e* p0 r, D2 W( p全跳動total run-out
軸測投影axonometric projection
軸測投影面plane of axonometric projection
軸測圖axonometric drawing
/ c- Z' g. M% ]. I% ^正等軸測投影isometric projection
# G3 q: a  u- a) m  ?正二測bimetric projection
6 a/ ?2 E# L3 ^# v/ Y  h  B斜二測oblique bimetric projection
8 [( E. W* W" m* m9 ~8 N) J軸測軸axonometric axis
" e. B' s" S' J- B! [軸間角axis angle, angle between ales
縮短foreshortened
) G& v- g$ J4 I7 }9 x9 [軸向縮短率coefficient of axial
deformation ratio of
! C( H! o1 c6 I. [4 pfore shortening for any axis
2 h. x" V( D9 _1 l- z7 W5 y切割法cutting method, by cutting
方箱法boxing method
坐標(biāo)法coordinate method
: d1 B5 H. ^7 S) @方框法enclosing-square method
- m0 V* e. P; H* c+ _+ R四心近似法four-center approximate method